March 29, 2025
Valerian possesses a multitude of pharmacological effects, including sedative and hypnotic properties, antihypertensive effects, antibacterial activity, and liver protection. Insomnia, one of the most prevalent disorders in contemporary society, significantly impacts people’s daily lives. This disease is primarily defined by difficulty initiating or sustaining sleep and the inability to resume sleep after awakening in the morning. Sleeplessness results in physical and psychological health issues, affecting patient’s daily work and overall lives. Research indicates that chronic insomnia is a considerable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type II diabetes, gastric reflux, and asthma.
Valeriana officinalis L. is a perennial herb rich in lignans, iridoids, flavonoids, and volatile oils. Its role as a traditional herb is essential in maintaining human health. Modern pharmacological studies have shown anticancer, anti-anxiety and depression, neuroprotective, and anti-epileptic effects, and it is commonly used to treat insomnia. Recent researchers explored the mechanisms and molecular targets of valerian essential oil in relation to sleep quality. In total, 38 active constituents of valerian EO had potential interactions for 103 targets associated with insomnia—monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5HT-2A). Valerian EO interacted with MAOB in the brain, which is an enzyme that breaks down certain neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine and phenylethylamine), which might contribute to better mood stability and potentially improved sleep patterns. Further exploration in a preclinical model, concluded that ingestion of high doses of valerian EO caused subjects to be less active and sleep longer than usual. Overall, the study suggests that valerian EO may help combat insomnia by influencing certain brain processes.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40004189/